Fuel storage tanks play a crucial role in various industries, serving as essential reservoirs for storing gasoline, diesel, and other petroleum products. When considering fuel storage solutions, one must weigh the benefits and drawbacks of above ground vs underground fuel storage tanks.
Above ground fuel storage tanks offer ease of access for maintenance and inspection, while underground fuel storage tanks provide space-saving advantages and protection against external elements. However, choosing the right tank goes beyond mere convenience; it encompasses factors such as environmental impact, safety regulations, and long-term cost-effectiveness.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- Understanding Fuel Storage Tanks
- Above Ground Fuel Storage Tanks
- Underground Fuel Storage Tanks
- Choosing the right tank for your fuel storage needs
- Choosing Between Aboveground and Underground Storage Tanks
- FAQs
- What is the lifespan of an underground storage tank?
- How often do underground storage tanks leak?
- What is the life expectancy of an above ground fuel storage tank?
- What is a common environmental problem with underground storage tanks?
- What are the problems with underground water tanks?
- Are underground storage tanks hazardous?
Understanding Fuel Storage Tanks
Fuel storage tanks are containers designed to hold various types of fuel, including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and biofuels, for extended periods. These tanks serve as critical components in the infrastructure of industries such as transportation, agriculture, manufacturing, and energy production.
Early civilizations used rudimentary containers made from materials like clay, animal skins, and wood to store oils and fuels. In the 19th century, with the rise of the industrial revolution, the demand for fuel storage solutions grew exponentially. This period saw the development of advanced storage technologies, such as metal barrels and tanks, to accommodate the increasing production and distribution of fuels.
The 20th century marked significant advancements in fuel storage technology, including the widespread adoption of steel tanks for above-ground and underground storage.
In recent decades, advancements in materials science and engineering have led to the development of specialized coatings, double-walled tanks, and advanced monitoring systems to enhance safety and environmental protection.
Above Ground Fuel Storage Tanks
Above ground fuel storage tanks (ASTs) are large containers designed to store various types of liquids, including fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and oil, as well as chemicals, water, and other substances. ASTs are typically placed outdoors or within dedicated containment areas. These tanks are constructed from materials such as steel, fiberglass, or reinforced concrete, depending on the intended use, environmental conditions, and regulatory requirements.
ASTs come in a range of sizes, from small residential tanks that are limited to 1000 gallons due to scarcity of space in colonies, and can go up to massive industrial-scale installations capable of holding millions of gallons of liquid. They feature a variety of configurations, including cylindrical, rectangular, and spherical shapes, with options for single-walled or double-walled construction. Double-walled tanks provide an additional layer of protection against leaks and spills.
In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates aboveground storage tanks under the Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) program. This program requires facilities that store certain quantities of oil, including fuel, to develop and implement SPCC plans to prevent oil spills and mitigate environmental damage.
Advantages of above ground storage tanks
Unlike underground fuel storage tanks, which require excavation and specialized installation procedures, above ground fuel tanks can be installed relatively quickly and easily. They can be placed on a concrete pad or other stable surface, eliminating the need for extensive ground preparation and reducing installation time.
There are some tips you might want to follow for the safe handling of above ground fuel storage tanks, but mostly their operations are quite straightforward, due to their easy accessibility for inspection, maintenance, and repair tasks. This accessibility allows for prompt identification and resolution of potential issues, ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the tank.
When you compare above ground vs underground fuel storage tanks cost, ASTs have lower initial costs. They also require less complex monitoring and leak detection systems, further reducing upfront investment costs for owners and operators.
Disadvantages of above ground storage tanks
Above ground fuel storage tanks are exposed to various environmental factors , making them susceptible to damage from weather events such as hurricanes, floods, and extreme temperatures. Corrosion, rust, and deterioration of tank materials can occur over time, compromising the structural integrity of the tank.
The EPA and OSHA sets workplace safety standards that apply to ASTs, particularly in industrial settings.The footprint of the tank, as well as clearance requirements for safety and accessibility, must be taken into account when sitting ASTs.
ASTs pose potential safety hazards, including the risk of spills, leaks, and fires. Accidental releases of hazardous liquids can result in environmental contamination, property damage, and health risks to nearby communities. Additionally, ASTs storing flammable or combustible fuels present a heightened risk of fire or explosion, particularly if proper safety measures and mitigation strategies are not implemented.
Underground Fuel Storage Tanks
Underground fuel storage tanks are substantial containers engineered to store liquids like petroleum products, chemicals, and hazardous materials beneath the ground’s surface. The EPA defines underground storage tanks (USTs) as tanks and any associated piping with at least 10% of their combined volume underground.
These tanks are typically constructed from materials such as steel, fiberglass, or reinforced plastic to withstand the pressure exerted by the surrounding soil and groundwater.
USTs are installed underground to minimize their footprint and reduce visual impact, making them suitable for various applications, including gas stations, industrial facilities, and commercial properties. They are buried beneath the surface at depths ranging from 2-3 feet to more advanced tanks that can go up to 5 feet beneath the surface, and have a more sturdy foundation and surface.
Advantages of underground storage tanks
Underground fuel storage tanks are installed below the ground, minimizing their footprint on the surface. This makes them ideal for locations where space is limited or where above ground structures are undesirable, such as in densely populated urban areas or environmentally sensitive areas.
Underground placement provides natural insulation and protection against environmental hazards such as extreme temperatures, weather events, and potential vandalism or sabotage. This reduces the risk of corrosion, deterioration, and damage to the tank and its contents, extending the lifespan of the tank and enhancing the safety and reliability of the storage system.
Underground fuel storage tanks are hidden from view, offering aesthetic benefits by preserving the visual appearance of the surrounding landscape. This can be particularly advantageous in residential areas, commercial developments, and recreational areas where preserving the natural beauty or architectural integrity of the surroundings is a priority.
Disadvantages of Underground Storage Tanks
When talking about above ground vs underground storage tanks price for installation, USTs are more complex and expensive compared to above ground storage fuel tanks. Excavation, soil remediation, and proper disposal of contaminated materials add to the overall cost of UST installation and removal.
Underground fuel storage tanks specifications make it challenging to detect leaks and conduct repairs promptly. Leaks in USTs may go unnoticed for extended periods, leading to environmental contamination and regulatory violations. Locating leaks in underground tanks requires sophisticated leak detection methods, such as groundwater monitoring, soil sampling, and vapor detection, which can be time-consuming and costly.
Underground fuel storage tanks are regulated by complex laws by the EPA like 40 CFR Part 280-282 as well as state-specific programs. Navigating through them can be quite challenging, requiring thorough documentation and adherence to permitting requirements and many owners find the whole process quite tiring.
Above Ground vs Underground Fuel Storage Tanks
| Above Ground Storage Tanks | Underground Storage Tanks | |
| Installation | Typically easier and quicker to install since they’re placed above ground level, requiring minimal groundwork. | Installation involves excavation, soil remediation, and specialized equipment, making it more complex and time-consuming. |
| Maintenance | Generally simpler to inspect and maintain since they’re readily accessible for routine maintenance activities. | Maintenance can be challenging due to limited accessibility. |
| Cost | Lower initial costs due to simpler procedures | Higher initial costs due to complex procedures, equipment, and personnel required to install and maintain the tanks |
| Environmental Impact | Above ground placement makes leaks and spills more visible, allowing quick detection and containment. | Underground diesel tank design and placement makes leaks less visible, leading to prolonged contamination of soil and groundwater if leaks go unnoticed. |
| Safety Features | Secondary containment systems, overfill prevention devices, and leak detection alarms are readily accessible and easier to install and maintain. | Safety features are also available for USTs but may require specialized equipment and procedures for installation and maintenance due to the underground location. |
Choosing the right tank for your fuel storage needs
Commercial and industrial systems typically require larger tanks due to higher fuel consumption rates, while residential needs vary based on household size and energy usage. Determine the required capacity based on your fuel usage and consider factors such as accessibility for refueling, distance from buildings and property lines, and environmental impact.
For example, on a construction site, fuel tanks might be situated along the perimeter of the site, accessible from multiple work areas but positioned at a safe distance from active construction zones. Establishing specific refueling procedures and safety measures can reduce the chances of accidents and ensure that regulatory standards are met.
When selecting materials and designs for the tank, prioritize durability and compliance. In regions prone to extreme weather conditions like hurricanes or freezing temperatures, tanks made from robust materials such as steel or fiberglass are preferred. These materials offer resilience against environmental factors and ensure compliance with regulatory standards regarding tank construction and integrity.
Implementing proactive maintenance measures, such as regular inspections and corrosion protection coatings, can extend the tank’s lifespan and prevent costly repairs or environmental incidents. Prioritize safety features such as overfill protection, leak detection systems, grounding provisions, and fire suppression measures.
Compare the total cost of ownership over the tank’s lifespan, including initial purchase, installation, maintenance, and disposal or decommissioning costs.
Choosing Between Aboveground and Underground Storage Tanks
The choice between aboveground storage tanks and underground storage tanks depends on various factors, including site-specific needs, regulatory requirements, budget considerations, and long-term operational objectives.
ASTs offer advantages in terms of easier installation, lower upfront costs, and simpler maintenance, making them suitable for applications where space constraints are minimal, and accessibility is paramount. On the other hand, USTs provide benefits such as reduced environmental impact, enhanced safety features, and aesthetic advantages, making them preferable in situations where environmental protection, regulatory compliance, or space utilization are primary concerns.
Moreover, consulting with industry professionals and conducting a comprehensive needs assessment can help stakeholders make informed decisions and choose the right storage solution.
Trust Fuel Logic for reliable refills of both above ground and underground fuel tanks. Our bulk fuel delivery services ensure reliable, timely refills to keep your operations running smoothly. Explore the benefits of our bulk fuel tank rental services and find answers to your FAQs on our website. Contact us today for hassle-free fuel delivery and streamline your operations with Fuel Logic.
FAQs
What is the lifespan of an underground storage tank?
USTs made of steel may have a 20 to 30-year lifespan, while tanks made of fiberglass or other corrosion-resistant materials may last longer.
How often do underground storage tanks leak?
The frequency of leaks from underground storage tanks (USTs) varies widely and depends on factors such as tank age, material, corrosion protection measures, and maintenance practices. However, according to industry statistics, an estimated 1-1.5% of underground storage tank designs have leaked on an annual basis, incurring colossal environmental damage.
What is the life expectancy of an above ground fuel storage tank?
The life expectancy of an above ground storage tank (AST) depends on factors such as tank material, corrosion protection, environmental conditions, and maintenance practices. ASTs made of steel may have a lifespan of 20 to 40 years or more, while tanks made of corrosion-resistant materials can last longer.
What is a common environmental problem with underground storage tanks?
A common environmental problem associated with underground storage tanks (USTs) is leaks or spills of stored liquids, such as petroleum products or hazardous chemicals, into the surrounding soil and groundwater. These leaks can lead to contamination of soil and groundwater, posing risks to human health, ecosystems, and drinking water supplies.
What are the problems with underground water tanks?
Some common problems with underground water tanks include installation challenges, limited accessibility for inspection, maintenance, and repairs, as well as risks of leaks or structural failures, leading to groundwater contamination or property damage.
Are underground storage tanks hazardous?
Leaks or spills from USTs can lead to environmental contamination, fire or explosion risks, health hazards from exposure to hazardous substances, and regulatory violations.
